Notably, the study by Engen and Ross (1973) and Lawless and Cain (1975) both lacked an appropriate control task or comparison modality.
For these reasons we included famous and non-famous faces as a comparison modality to odors in the present study (Mair et al. 1980; Murphy et al. 1991).
The largest groups of questions focused on the comparison of modalities (19%) and on one particular modality, UCT (19%), which is aligned with literature review findings.
The decision making process appears to vary depending on the CAM modality; comparison between CAM modalities should be made.
Common topics of investigation include the accuracy of staging, comparison of modalities, treatment response and assessment of lymph nodes for metastases.
In an among group comparison, all modalities provided nearly comparable clinical efficacy after a three-week symptomatic treatment of OA of the knee, in which a trend toward greatest improvement was likely to be found in THC group.
As the studies have a high heterogeneity in regard to design, comparison group, modalities of therapy, assessment of immune changes and ADRs, analysis, and reporting, we considered that a quantification of results, e.g. relative risk, would be highly imprecise and misleading.
The authors report that, in a number of follow-up studies, the effects remained small, but that the comparisons across modalities and modes were nevertheless consistently more difficult than the comparisons within the same modality and mode.
McNemar's test was performed on comparisons of the same group of cases when comparing different imaging modalities (comparison of performance between PEM and WBPET or PEM and MRI or MRI and WBPET).
And the comparison of modality in English and Chinese is not new (e.g. Li 2004).
