Empirical studies have tackled the question of whether canalization and developmental stability are distinct processes by comparing variation among individuals and the left-right asymmetries within individuals.
They also found evidence for familial aggregation of expression phenotype by comparing variation among unrelated individuals, among siblings within families and between monozygotic twins.
AlgaePath can be used to identify transcript abundance profiles and to compare variations among different conditions in a pathway map through five query functions (Gene Search, Pathway Search, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) Search, Gene Group Analysis, and Co-expression Analysis).
When comparing variations between and among fish, no fish was found to have a low level of dissimilarity, as no fish showed the exact same pattern on both sides.
Using population genetic parameters, we compared variation among transporter families and superfamilies, and in transporters expressed primarily in the liver versus those expressed primarily in the kidney.
In a first step, we determined mean strain differences ( = mean C57BL/6NCrl mice - mean DBA/2NCrl mice) for all 29 behavioral measures to compare variation among the six laboratories for the standardized and the heterogenized design.
In order to truly compare variation among procedures, SAVA studies must use reliable statistics that are able to detect variability when it exists.
This replication allows us to test for statistical significance of results, and to compare variation among samples of the observed data to that within and between the simulated samples.
We assessed the level of inherited variation in nine phenotypic traits by comparing variation within and among three monoclonal groups and one group of unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs) sampled in the wild.
This pooled RNA extraction was used as a common reference to compare variations in mRNA expression among the eight gonad samples.
In the replicated subsample, a Procrustes ANOVA comparing variation among and within sperm heads was performed to obtain the measurement error associated with landmark location [ 33, 34].
