Sentence examples for comparing bone lead from inspiring English sources

Negative tibia and patella measurements were retained to minimize bias and increase efficiency of comparing bone lead levels among different populations (Kim et al. 1995).

A limitation of our study is that blood lead concentration, as a biomarker of exposure, is not an appropriate marker for cumulative exposure when compared to bone lead.

We examined this possibility by comparing impacts of maternal bone lead on child BP between girls 10 11 years of age and boys 13 14 years of age and found that the apparent sex difference within all participants was not substantially changed (data not shown).

For example, using K-X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) to directly measure levels of lead retained in bone, we have found that bone lead, compared with blood lead, more accurately reflects cumulative lead exposure (Hu et al. 1996b).

Moreover, the increase in the variance explained by the model with bone lead compared with the model without bone lead is modest (R values of 0.24 vs. 0.22 when the analysis is restricted to the 113 subjects with bone lead), which translates into a relatively minor improvement in the scattered nature of the points.

Compared with concurrent blood lead, bone lead, which comprises > 95% of adult body lead burden and has a biologic half-life ranging from years to decades, is a better biologic marker for studying chronic toxicity of accumulated exposure and lead burden (Gonzalez-Cossio et al. 1997; Hu et al. 1996; Korrick et al. 1999).

For example, Wright et. al. showed that older adult carriers of either HFE variant genotype (H63 D or C282Y), had lower blood, patella bone, and tibia bone lead stores when compared to wildtype individuals [ 18].

Compared with age-related increases in bone lead of β = 0.31 μg/g/year observed by Hu et al. (1990) and β = 0.38 μg/g/year observed by Kosnett et al. (1994), tibia lead in our study increased at a lower rate (β = 0.15 μg/g/year) for subjects < 55 years of age.

Several investigators have also reported higher bone lead levels in minorities compared with whites.

Comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of bone lead among that cohort, a tibia bone lead increment of 29 μg/g was associated with a 1.5 odds ratio (OR) for hypertension [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1 1.8].

Because the units of blood and bone lead levels were different, we compared the effect using standardized regression coefficients.