Previous task-switching studies have revealed attenuation of the P3 peak on switch trials compared with task repetitions (e.g., Kieffaber and Hetrick 2005; Poulsen et al. 2005; Mueller et al. 2007; Vandamme et al. 2010).
The reversed contrast, i.e. brain regions that are more activated during fixation compared with task revealed activity in the default mode network (DMN), foremost in its posterior sub-network, including the bilateral posterior parietal cortex and the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex.
Likewise, subjective ratings of overall performance were greater on easy tasks compared with difficult tasks, and again, despite task performance remaining stable in the presence and absence of feedback, performance was rated as worse in the absence of feedback (Fig. 2c).
In task-switching studies, alpha power is reduced when participants prepare for effortful task switches compared with easier task repetitions (Gladwin and de Jong 2005).
For instance, Brand-D'Abrescia and Lavie (2008) found that distractor response competition effects were increased in dual-task, as compared with single-task, conditions, when the dual-task conditions involved auditory pitch discrimination or visual line discrimination tasks.
Scores increased in all tasks with each assessment, plateauing at a lower PGY level for open tasks compared with laparoscopic tasks.
Previous findings suggest that, as compared with force tasks, position tasks induce greater synaptic input into the motor neurons (Mottram et al. 2005a) and greater adaptation in the motor unit discharge (MacGillis et al. 2003).
In addition, the task assignments used in developing the FTE calculator are also compared with the task assignments used in the simulation logic.
For example, compared with naming tasks, lexical decision tasks show greater effects of whole-word variables like frequency (Balota and Chumbley 1985 , 1990 Balota et al. 2004; but see Monsell et al. 1989 for an interpretation not invoking pathway control).
In previous investigations where, for example, memory tasks were compared with control tasks (Lutzenberger et al. 2002; Kaiser et al. 2003), this analysis procedure has typically yielded effects for small numbers of sensors only.
First, the interference task had no significant effect on posture stability for any of the parameters when compared with fixation task.
