Maculae were also thicker in most regions of quiet fellow- eyes compared with gender-and age matched controls (Table 3).
Moreover, in a re-analysis of the data, an objectively exposed subgroup (> PCB 28 median 0.20 μg/l) was identified and compared with gender-matched controls.
Men smoking ≥20 pack-years had a significantly increased risk of rectal cancer of 35% (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.14-1.58), whereas for women, it was 47% (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.13-1.91) compared with gender-specific never smokers.
Ever smokers had a significantly increased risk of rectal cancer of more than 25% for both men (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11-1.45) and women (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.11-1.48) compared with gender-specific never smokers.
Table 3 shows that among men, ever smokers had a significantly increased risk of rectal cancer compared with gender-specific never smokers for all three levels of BMI (<25, 25 29, ≥ 30), duration of education in years (<10, 10 12, ≥13) and level of physical activity (sedentary, moderate and heavy).
Male gender implied significantly lower physical HRQL compared with female gender but female gender involved lower scores on the Mental Health scale.
These findings must be considered with the limitation that the ethnicity and gender of all 2007 2011 participants cannot be compared with the gender and ethnicity of the 2007 2011 survey responders.
Gender is determined by a PCR assay, and is compared with declared gender.
VDAC1 predicted shorter time to recurrence and was shown to be an independent prognostic factor compared with histology, gender, age, nodal stage and tumour stage in a Cox multivariate analysis.
