The BLOSUM, ProtFP (PCA5) and ProtFP (PCA8) (RMSE 0.496 - 0.502 log units and R02 0.732 - 0.726) descriptor sets are performing better than ProtFP (Feature), but are still lagging compared to the above descriptor sets.
The combined effect is that all sequences cluster much more evenly distributed throughout the PCA space using ProtFP (Feature) compared to the other descriptor sets, leading to a better performance on this particular set.
The Hybrid descriptor was compared to the MACCS key descriptor, USR with the first three (USR), four (UF4) and five (UF5) moments, and a combination of MACCS with USR (three moments).
Compared to the conventional LBP descriptors and SLBP descriptors, the pyramid representation for local binary patterns shows its effectiveness.
Compared to the best local descriptor, ALBPS, the combination of global and local features improves the performance in a 9.68% hit rate.
Fig. 6 Mutual information among the three most frequent descriptors: Mn/MW shows greater independence compared to the other two descriptors, but the opposite occurs between ETA_dEpsilon_B and ALOGP2.
Each descriptor of the left image points is compared to the list of descriptors of the right image points and matched to the most similar one.
Our experiments on two texture datasets and one food dataset confirmed that our proposed strategy greatly improved recognition performance as compared to the LBP-based descriptors and other state-of-the-art approaches.
FLBP is very slow compared to the rest of the descriptors but the naive implementation can be improved upon by restricting the belongingness computations to the possible subset of binary codes given a specific neighborhood.
However, all the descriptors in the LBP family evaluated in this manuscript are computationally cheap compared to the filter-based texture descriptors used here as reference methods.
The species-specific modeling approach used in the present study provides deeper insights into species-environment relationships compared to the use of synthetic descriptors, such as guilds or species richness [ 55, 56].
