Moreover, the effects of gradation on permanent strain accumulation were significantly more pronounced at the higher shear stress ratios (e.g. 0.75), compared to lower shear stress ratios; which is defined as the ratio between the shear stress applied to a specimen during repeated load triaxial testing compared to the corresponding shear strength under the same confinement.
The responses of the materials under dynamic and quasi-static tensile loading were compared to the corresponding results for normal-strength SHCC made of polyvinyl-alcohol fibers as obtained in previous investigations.
Although the mechanical properties such as splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity as well as the performance of drying shrinkage of OPSC were found to be inferior compared to NWC, the bond strength of OPSC was found to be up to 80% higher compared to the corresponding NWC of equivalent cube compressive strength grade.
Furthermore, this study investigates the behavior of partially confined concrete exhibiting smaller peak strength compared to the corresponding fully confined specimen, as it appears to have a smaller stiffness ratio.
Figures 4 and 5 both show that the Asphalt Institute design method has consistently provided slightly higher stage design strength ratios compared to the corresponding ones obtained from the Caltrans and AASHTO design methods.
The Asphalt Institute design method has provided the highest stage design strength ratios when compared to the corresponding results obtained from the Caltrans and AASHTO design methods.
The goal is to propose GFRP standard cross-sections of such proportions and shapes that would possess improved strength, stability and deformational characteristics compared to the corresponding existing sections whose proportions are generally based on standard steel sections.
As a prototype example a non-equiatomic Co20Cr20Fe34Mn20Ni6 HEA, selected based on our ab initio simulations, reveals the TRIP-DP effect and hence exhibits higher tensile strength and strain-hardening ability compared to the corresponding equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi alloy.
However, SCCs with both fine and coarse RAs (RCAs + RFAs) had relatively worse performance than those with only RCAs or RFAs such that the reduction in strength was about 30% as compared to the corresponding reference mixes.
The sample results indicate that the stage design strength ratio is relatively low compared to the corresponding increase in load applications especially at advanced service times.
