Their number is distinctly reduced in monocytes and even more in granulocytes compared to progenitor and precursor cells (Fig. 2b, for quantification see Additional file 1).
The variable BRCA1 expression may be related to different proliferation rates in the mature compartment when compared to progenitor cells, but also point to a functional role of BRCA1 during the early phases of haematopoiesis, to maintain genomic integrity.
Investigation in keratinocyte stem cells showed increased levels of DSBR and single-strand break repair (SSBR) compared to progenitor cells, and further evidence shows that FGF2 is critical to mediate this repair [ 47].
Additionally, recent transcriptome analysis of mammary stem cells, luminal progenitor cells, and mature luminal cells for conserved genes between human and mouse in each of these cell types revealed 3.16 fold elevated SLUG/SNAI2 expression in mammary stem cells compared to progenitor or mature cells [ 52].
Intriguingly, like ES cells, iPS cells express no or minimal lamin A which is invisible in the nuclear envelope, yet they do not show shortened, but instead elongated telomeres, compared to progenitor fibroblasts (Agarwal et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012; Marion et al., 2009).
Replacing PRF with its major component fibrin increased mineralization in alveolar bone progenitors when compared to periodontal progenitors, suggesting that fibrin played a substantial role in PRF-induced osteogenic lineage differentiation.
The majority of CML progenitors were found to have a higher proliferative capacity compared to normal progenitors, suggesting that most CML progenitors were actively cycling (Eaves et al., 1998).
Most of them were detected in the 'MxR_01' map, probably due to the higher genetic diversity among the progenitors of 'MxR_01' compared to the progenitors of 'Granada'Granada
