– 06 00 a.m. and the characteristics of this group were compared to normal phase sleepers.
Their fat cells are huge, compared to normal fat cells.
For instance, Chaput et al. (2007) in Canada found that women with short sleep duration (5 to 6 h) were 1.69-times as likely (OR = 1.69; 95 % CI: 1.15 2.39) to be overweight or obese compared with normal sleepers (7 to 8 h) [ 41].
A recent pilot study reported that hippocampal volume (HV) was reduced in patients with primary insomnia (PI) relative to normal sleepers.
A longitudinal study of about 1,000 adults ages 21 to 30 enrolled in a Michigan health maintenance organization found that, compared with normal sleepers, those who reported a history of insomnia during an interview in 1989 were four times as likely to develop major depression by the time of a second interview three years later.
Compared with normal sleepers, nurses with poor sleep were 1.72 times more likely to have severe headache (OR: 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.14 2.57).
Compared with normal sleepers, nurses who suffered from poor sleep were 1.72 times more likely to have severe headache (OR: 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.14 2.57).
Based on existing functional neuroimaging findings, we hypothesized that patients with PI would show greater sensory-motor connectivity compared with normal sleepers, and such alteration would be correlated with poor sleep quality.
In line with this, previous study examining event-related potentials during sleep reported that patients with insomnia showed reduced sensory gating of auditory stimuli compared with normal sleepers [ 72].
Two series of sleepers with a partial replacement of type III cement by GGBFS (56% by weight of the binder) were tested and the performances of these sleepers were compared to conventional railway sleepers.
Compared to wood sleepers, high performance concrete sleepers with their higher density and weight, provide the required stability to railway tracks for high-speed travel.
