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One protective factor encountered for LTF was the initiation of PMTCT during pregnancy (OR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49-0.96), when compared to initiating PMTCT at delivery or with the newborn and to missed PMTCT opportunities.
In conclusion, the risk of AVN was reduced among patients who initiated ERT within 2 years of diagnosis, compared to initiating treatment ≥2 years after diagnosis.
If this is the case, can the authors comment on what the advantage of running R commands from the commandTool is compared to initiating a terminal window and running commands directly from an R shell?
Compared to initiating use of a mask or respirator on 11 September, delays of 1 day (adjusted OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.03 2.56) and up to 1 week (adjusted OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.00 2.63) were associated with an approximately 60% increase in risk of newly diagnosed asthma.
The final analysis found that deferral of antiretroviral therapy until a CD4 count of 251 to 350 cells/μL, compared to initiating therapy when at a CD4 count of 351 to 450 cells/μL, was associated with an adjusted 28% increase in the rate of death or AIDS (adjusted hazard ratio for AIDS or death: 1.28; 95% CI = 1.04 1.57) [ 19].
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Compared to those initiating CAB, patients initiating LF-AMB had greater acuity and underlying disease severity.
Mortality and TB incidence in patients failing to initiate ART was more than 2 times higher compared to patients initiating ART [8].
Among the 96 women included in the longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ lymphocytes following HAART start, the study period (median (IQR)) was shorter for those initiating HAART during pregnancy (135 (88–164) days) compared to women initiating HAART before (180 (129–180) days) and after pregnancy (180 (167–180) days) (P<0.001).
The primary aim of VLS is to compare mortality at 18 months among ART-naïve patients initiating ART and receiving care at facilities with access to routine VL testing, compared to those initiating first regimens and receiving the current standard of care (i.e., discretionary VL testing).
When stratified by RIFLE class at the time RRT was initiated, those with RIFLE class F had considerably higher 30-day mortality when compared to those initiating RRT at either RIFLE class R or I (adjusted hazards ratio 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 9.3; crude 30-day mortality, 57.9% for F versus 23.5% for R versus 22.0% for I).
However, a greater proportion of patients initiating raloxifene in the commercial/Medicare and Medicaid groups had previous or concurrent use of estrogen/hormone replacement therapy (HRT) within the past year compared to patients initiating bisphosphonate treatment.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com