Exact(3)
However, when compared for the same turbulence intensity, flames in fractal grid generated turbulence produced similar turbulent burning velocities compared to flames in regular grid generated turbulence.
At the same downstream position, flames in the turbulence field of fractal grids showed larger turbulent burning velocity compared to flames in regular grid generated turbulence.
The extent of conversion of HCl was found to increase with increasing oxygen:fuel (OF) ratio and decreasing pressure; the loss at a given OF was also higher for flames with equal flows of H2 and CO compared to flames with no CO in the fuel.
Similar(57)
The flame area obtained from image visualization methods are compared to flame area obtained from empirical models.
For a 120 s in situ pre-concentration time, sensitivity enhancement compared to flame AAS, was 500 and 575 folds for Cd and Pb, respectively, using volatile species generation-atom trapping technique.
For a 2 min in situ pre-concentration time (sample volume of 2 mL), sensitivity enhancement compared to flame AAS, was 222 fold, using the hydride generation — atom trapping technique.
As the diameter is reduced, the effect of preheating becomes increasingly important for burning-rate enhancement compared to flame area increase.
Injury mechanism analysis demonstrated that all other mechanisms are more likely to be discharged earlier when compared to flame.
In our model we observed that injury mechanisms –Flash, Contact, Scald, Chemical, Other (Friction, Electrical, Radiation) and Unknown causes of burn - when compared to Flame (reference category), increase the hazard of the patient being discharged.
Major differences include (i) significantly higher NO level and NOx emission index, (ii) much wider double-flame regime with regard to ϕ and as, (iii) dominance of the prompt mechanism over the thermal mechanism in the entire partially premixed regime, and (iv) noticeable reduction in NOx emission with hydrogen addition for n-heptane flames compared to methane flames.
In particular, compared to counterflow flames, the coflow flames have significantly larger flame volume and therefore lower peak temperature and NOx emission index in the triple flame regime.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com