Interestingly, accuracy for comparing Arabic numerals vs. number words did not differ significantly (p = .946), while accuracy for comparing Arabic digits and number words both were significantly higher than comparing animals (hypothesis 2).
Compared with Arabic numerals, Chinese numerals have been found to have faster responses in a naming task but slower responses in a magnitude comparison task [15].
Student t test was used compare numeral data between the two groups, while χ test was used for non-numerical data.
The monkeys' equal choice behavior fell along the dots = digits identity line (dotted line) for small numbers, but at higher numerosities the monkeys tended to undervalue the dots compared to the numerals, as predicted by our calculation (Fig. 4b) based on their dots-vs-dots and numeral-vs-numeral choices.
In Fig. 4b, we plot the relative value of each number of dots compared to each numeral, from 0 to 21, derived from the curves plotted in Fig. 4a.
Third, the monkeys systematically undervalued the larger numerosity dot arrays compared to the numerals, despite the repeated association of each with equivalent rewards.
Although number words were compared less efficiently than Arabic numerals, accuracy was similar to comparing Arabic numerals, while number words were compared more accurately and more efficiently than animals.
In Rapp's 60, 70 and 80, féle seems to be used to mark ten, which conjoined with 6, 7 and 8 forms 60, 70 and 80. Rapp (1933) compares the Nafaanra numerals for three and hundred (lafaa) with eta and ke-lafa from Mpre, a hitherto unclassified language from Ghana.
Very young children, however, do show reduced accuracy in comparing increasingly large numerals (Sekuler and Mierkiewicz 1977).
To investigate a possible role of the lateral premotor cortex in human cognitive processes, we compared brain activity during mental-operation numeral (MO-numeral) and verbal rehearsal (VR) tasks, using block-design functional MRI.
