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These two treatments were compared indirectly using the placebo as the common comparator, and results indicate that nintedanib is statistically significantly better than pirfenidone in slowing FVC decline (OR 0.67, 95% CrI 0.51, 0.88).
On the other hand, due to the fact that the distributions of the random variables are compared indirectly using the average 1 K ∑ i = 1 K f X i ( x ), the Jensen-Rényi divergence can be seen as an alternative to the mutual information [41].
The effects of sunitinib and bevacizumab (in combination with IFN-α) on progression-free survival were compared indirectly using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) sampling in Win BUGS, with IFN as a common comparator.
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Our previous investigation using minimal model analysis during IVGTT also revealed more preserved insulin sensitivity in Japanese T2DM patients when compared indirectly to Caucasian T2DM patients [ 33, 34].
A variety of interventions were compared indirectly.
5 As a generalisation of indirect comparisons, when more than two treatments are being compared indirectly, and at least one pair of treatments is being compared directly as well as indirectly (a closed loop is present), both direct and indirect types of data can be used to estimate effects in a mixed treatment comparison (MTC) meta-analysis using a Bayesian or frequentist framework.
To assess the added value to analyses of a published mathematical model of the folate system [ 1], inferences obtained directly from the DNA microarray data are compared here to those obtained indirectly using folate model predictions of DNPS and DNTS based on the same DNA microarray data.
It is possible to estimate and compare metabolic exponents for active tissues indirectly using allometric data on mitochondria size [ 55], as its total membrane surface area correlates with baseline oxygen consumption [ 55] (interestingly, the total mitochondrial volume in locomotor muscles is proportional to the maximum metabolic rate in mammals [ 56]).
The fact that cases of sepsis were identified indirectly using ICD-9-CM codes implies less accuracy in identifying cases and a poor clinical analysis compared to prospective methods.
Digestibility was measured indirectly, using chromic oxide as a marker.
The water depth is measured indirectly using a pressure sensor near the bottom.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com