A poll at the end of December showed 46.8% of Catalans are against independence, compared with 45.3% in favour.
It also found 68% of people oppose the total of $15m of public funding for the yes and no cases, with 48% strongly disapproving, compared with 22% in favour of public funding.
But, once negotiations are completed, Croatia will hold a referendum on the issue and in the latest polls, conducted by Gallup and the European Fund for the Balkans, 43% said they would vote against membership compared with 39% in favour.
A survey published in August by the British Medical Journal of 311 doctors working in Scotland found that 60% planned to vote against independence compared with 33% in favour, and the biggest concern of those against was that Scotland's overall economy would suffer under independence, hitting the tax revenues used to fund its NHS.
The poll put support for independence at 52% compared with 48% in favour of the Union once undecided voters were excluded.
The membership had already changed hugely by 2015 compared with 2010, possibly in favour of the left.
Forty-five per cent of 18- to 34-year-olds are in favour, compared with 43% of 34- to 49-year-olds and 36% of over-50s.
Support in old Europe for further expansion is sliding: in the 15 old members, only 41% are now in favour, compared with 47% in 2003 (and 66% in the new members).
Sixty seven per cent of women were in favour, compared to 59% of men, the poll found.
The findings, by TNS (in French), contrasted with its survey among Britons, which found that 41% supported remaining within the 28-member bloc, compared with 43% in favour of leaving.
