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Using quantitative real-time PCR, we compared and normalized ovarian cancer patients' C3 mRNA expression level to an average of six normal individuals' C3 mRNA expression.
In this type of experiment a sample is designed as control to which others samples are compared and normalized.
Tissue contraction was compared and normalized to its own basal relaxed (control) state; contractility in the presence of varying levels of GsMTx-4 or L-Mee was quantified by comparing frequency of contraction or tension generated (grams) over time.
The oxidative current generated by each electrode was compared and normalized with the value obtained directly after the multilayer preparation.
The LA blood pool was used as a nonenhancing region against which the LA wall enhancement could be compared and normalized.
The areas under curve (AUC) of amplicons were compared and normalized with the average AUC of control amplicons (SF3A and PGK).
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Raw total copy number estimates (on the log2 scale) were obtained by comparing the summarized and normalized intensity values for a given cell line or tumour sample to the corresponding intensities from the reference array.
Measurements were compared with the baseline and normalized to control treatments, triplicates were averaged, and standard errors were calculated.
SLAC estimates and compares normalized expected and observed numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions at each codon position based on a single ancestral sequence reconstruction [ 89].
Data were processed for quality control and normalized across compared arrays by quantile normalization.
Samples from 3 infected birds were compared to 3 uninfected controls and normalized against eukaryotic 18 s rRNA expression.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com