As with almost all aspects of comparative biology, intelligence, self-consciousness and self-awareness are elements of a continuum rather than phenomena with sharp boundaries between species.
Such studies into comparative protist/animal intelligence would surely be of great value, as were slime mold proven to be superior to animals at performing certain tasks, this would challenge some of the existing paradigms for defining 'intelligence', which is essentially a subjective term.
A sequence of asking questions, making observations, drawings, and recording data (Fig. 7) leads to the logical formation of inferences dealing with the dentition, diet, and comparative estimates of intelligence for the observed fossils.
This paper presents a comparative study of different artificial intelligence techniques to model and optimize a particular manufacturing process known as forging.
There are other methods of measuring intelligences, abilities and especially comparative achievements which are often ranked comparatively, and academically such as those in standardized testing.
The evaluation of the proposed architecture was based on a comparative analysis with six corresponding computational intelligence methods, with very promising output.
Yet comparative psychologists who study animal behavior and intelligence have shown that disparities in how well a particular species learns or solves problems often turn out to have more to do with eyesight, motivation and species-specific ecological adaptations than with underlying intelligence.
(2) A comparative analysis of the characteristics of computational intelligence methods is performed, which may be considered as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners in selecting a suitable method for a specific situation.
A comparative analysis is made between two forensic intelligence approaches developed independently in Australia and in Europe regarding the monitoring of apparently very different kind of problems: illicit drugs and false identity documents.
Comparative studies show a trend towards higher intelligence going from prosimians to New World monkeys to Old World monkeys, and significantly higher average cognitive abilities in the great apes.
