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For a given compaction energy, the samples compacted on dry side of optimum have higher strength and bearing capacity in terms of unsoaked CBR value, but have higher expansion and more strength loss when soaked in water.
With the data obtained from a Gyratory Intensive Compactor Tester (ICT), two types of laboratory-measured parameters have been established: the first type is based on the mix's volumetric characteristics and air voids, while the second type is based on mechanical principles: the shear stress and compaction energy required to compact a sample.
Comparing to the compaction temperatures of 10 °C off the OCTs, compaction energy can be reduced by 7.7% on average by compacting the asphalt mixtures at the OCTs.
This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of compaction parameters (compaction energy and water content) on the bearing capacity and microstructure of compacted loess.
The compaction energy index proved that using RCA would save some amount of compaction energy.
The factors compaction energy and drying, as well as the factor interactions material × ash ratio and ash ratio × compaction energy affected hydraulic conductivity significantly (α = 0.05).
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A total of 72 samples were compacted with different compaction energies and water contents, on the dry side of optimum, at optimum and on the wet side of optimum, using the Proctor procedure for soaked and un-soaked CBR testing.
For example, compaction is often underestimated and one of the common compaction effort is provided by hand-rolling; however, different compaction energies, techniques, or timing can significantly affect mechanical and functional properties of the material.
It was established that an unloading plastic wave of strong discontinuity propagates in the foam and it has a significant dynamic effect on the foam compaction and energy absorption.
One and two dimensional DCT are often used in audio and image processing systems such as interactive multimedia, digital TV-NTSC, low bit rate video conferencing, etc; owing to its compaction of energy into the lower frequencies.
Discrete cosine transform (DCT) first proposed by Ahmed et al. [ 37] is a popular linear separable transformation in the lossy signal and image compression processing for its powerful energy compaction property.
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