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However, soil compaction and water retention with conservation tillage still remains a genuine concern for landowners in this region because of its potential effect on the crop growth and yield.
These characteristics are apt to lead to compaction and water logging (Raviv 2011).
The OLR expression based on mass of inoculum is more suitable for solid substrate in dry anaerobic digestion since measuring the volume is difficult because it is a function of the density or the degree of compaction and water content.
Earthworms can dramatically modify soil structure through reduction of the leaf litter layer and the top soil floor, redistribution of organic material, and changes in soil compaction and water flow, leading to changes in nutrient cycling, fine root distribution, microbial activity and reductions in litter-dependent biota [ 1- 7].
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This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of compaction parameters (compaction energy and water content) on the bearing capacity and microstructure of compacted loess.
A total of 72 samples were compacted with different compaction energies and water contents, on the dry side of optimum, at optimum and on the wet side of optimum, using the Proctor procedure for soaked and un-soaked CBR testing.
The optimal mix design, as well as the compaction pressure and water content were determined during the experimental procedure.
Physical measurements (bulk density, compaction test, and water retention) are presented, which demonstrate that physical behaviour is different between clod types.
Previous studies of internal erosion and soil erodibility observed that progression of the piping hole and erodibility of material at the periphery of the piping hole depended on the compaction density and water content (Hanson and Robinson 1993; Fell et al. 2003).
Strong correlations between the infiltration index and both soil compaction and the water holding capacity of soils were found.
Based on the above concepts it is possible to determine, if the degree of compaction and the water content is suitable for design purposes.
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