The selective increase of a single type of parenchymal Aβ deposit suggests that different pathways lead to formation of diffuse and compact plaques.
Herein is demonstrated that the burden of diffuse Aβ deposits but not compact plaques is increased when tg-Swe mice are crossed with tg-ArcSwe mice synthesizing low levels of Arctic Aβ.
After cells were treated with 10 µM icaritin for 24 h, the staining pattern of cytochrome c became diffuse and blurred (Fig. 4C) in contrast to the compact, plaque-like appearance of cytochrome c in the control cells treated with vehicle, indicating the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol in icaritin-treated cells.
In FDD, parenchymal compact plaques are consistently absent, whereas neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the major histological finding in the hippocampus [3], [12].
Furthermore, in FDD, Alzheimer's Aβ co-deposits with ADan, mainly in vascular and perivascular amyloid lesions and less in parenchymal preamyloid deposits [12], while compact plaques are not frequent [2], [12], [15].
We did not observe significant microgliosis in the hippocampus prior to Aβ deposition in the APP or APP/CCL2 mouse brain as compared to non-Tg littermates, although we did see accumulation of microglia surrounding either diffuse or compact plaques.
The rare, small compact plaques in the Purkinje and granular layers, and infrequent CAA were labelled by 6-CN-PiB.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in compact plaques of the brain.
Furthermore, unlike the occasional small compact plaques that were 6-CN-PiB positive, cerebellar diffuse plaques contain few amyloid fibrils characteristic of plaque cores (Verga et al., 1989).
MMP-9 induces A β, degrades A β and compact plaques, and is released, along with proNGF, in an activity dependent manner [ 24].
Among the basal nuclei, claustrum was remarkably deviant: Aβ was deposited as large compact plaques, which had similar targetoid staining pattern as plaques in neocortex (Additional file 7: Figure S4a-g).
