For all available observations we computed the ratio between each species and PM2.5 mass and then took averages by season across all years to obtain season- and community-specific long-term mean seasonal concentration ratios.
The first model (Model I) was the standard Cox Proportional Hazards model; the second (Model II) was a model with a household specific frailty term; and the final model (Model III) was a model with a community specific frailty term.
National and community-specific effect estimates of the short-term effects of ozone on mortality were robust to inclusion of PM10 or PM2.5 in time-series models.
Our results further show that the national effect estimate and community-specific relative rates of the short-term effects of ozone on mortality are robust to adjustment for PM2.5, based on the 62 U.S. communities with PM2.5 data available.
"Clearly, if it is community-specific, region-specific, weapon-specific, we would communicate that immediately," he added.
The community-specific maximum likelihood estimates under the linear approach displayed no association with the communities' long-term O3 concentrations over the study period, as tested by correlation and weighted second-stage regression.
The season and community specific long-term mean seasonal concentration ratios, which reflect particle composition and thus the relative contribution of different sources to the PM2.5 mass, were then used in a meta-regression to quantify to what extent the association between PM2.5 mass and admissions was modified by particle composition.
The term "community specific" is used to describe all Cornerstone productions, which have ranged from a Wild West "Hamlet" in North Dakota in 1986, the troupe's first year, to a timbertown take on Brecht: "The Good Person of Long Creek," in Oregon, two years later.
Online, it's hard to do the archaeology because there seems to be some confusion over the when the specific term emerged — as opposed to when different online communities began to discuss issues of racial and gender representation.
The process of separation is so unusual that a specific term for the phenomenon may not have been proposed to the scientific community.
