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Community spatial heterogeneity was low in mesic landscapes.
Therefore, we designed a study to measure plant community spatial patterns across similar topographic position and soil type in pastures with three different herbivory intensities.
Results showed that highly dense urban form ensured access to certain facilities and services and that daily service and amenities provision was positively correlated to building density and performance of community spatial characteristics.
We assessed plant community spatial patterns in the northern mixed-grass prairie near Streeter, ND, USA (46°45′N, 99°28′W) in pastures moderately or intensively grazed or non-grazed exclosures established for 25 years.
The patterning of anthrosols in ancient settlements indicates the use of space and can therefore serve as a basis for comparison of community spatial organization between sites and regions.
We present data on parasitoid species richness and distribution in Java and Sumatera, their population structure and its impact toward biological control, relationship between habitat complexes and parasitoid community, spatial and temporal dynamic of parasitoid diversity, and food web in agricultural landscape.
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Primary pollutants also showed greater within-community spatial variation compared to pollutants with secondary formation contributions.
We conclude that within-community spatial differences are important for accurate exposure assessment of traffic-related pollutants.
We have not reported results from the between-community spatial variances because these were very small.
It will also enhance our ability to characterize within-community spatial variability in our exposure prediction models.
The novelty to our method is the inclusion of between- and within-community spatial autocorrelation terms and the systematic testing of different exposure models.
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