We argue that in the case of energy policy, the analysis must go beyond the definition of problems such as access to energy at the level of the individual, and focus on a multi-scale assessment including the household and community levels studying the capacity of the household to increase it energy throughput through exosomatic devices and infrastructure.
This calls for comprehensive community-level studies to test whether Epichloë species affect the rest of the grass microbiota.
Community-level studies have become more precise with the application of culture-independent methods based on the direct detection of DNA in microbial ecosystems.
However, other tropical community-level studies have reported much lower frequencies of mast seeding.
While warming has affected the phenology of many taxa, community-level studies have found that not all species display a phenological advancement, with nearly 25% remaining stable or, less often, displaying phenological delays [8], [9] (see also [1]).
Trophic dynamics of populations, a major concern in ecosystem studies [10], have traditionally been estimated from temporal changes in size structure based on a given size-trophic relationship [11], [12] (see also [13] for community-level studies).
Because of these limitations, community-level studies have typically presented the occurrence of phenological events as they correlate to temperatures measured over a fixed period (months, seasons or years) [10], [13], [37], [38] and have often assumed that differences among species are a result of differences in life-history traits or other factors.
Do community-level studies support the notion that climbers do not find support/hosts merely by chance?
Several community-level studies suggest that rates of alcohol use disorders are close to zero prior to adolescence (Cohen et al. 1993; Giaconia et al. 1994; Sung et al. 2004).
3.3 Study site selection Three main criteria were employed to determine selection of study sites – the availability of previously-collected data from community-level studies that could serve as a pre-BTC implementation baseline, evidence of implementation of BTC activities at community-level, and general cost-efficiency for conducting the evaluation.
