Community factors included residence in a town or area with less than 200,000 population (roughly 9%) and residence in nine regions of the country (see Table 1).
A qualitative study of pathways from neighbourhoods to mental well-being found that neighbourhood affordability, negative community factors including crime and vandalism, and social makeup including unemployment and poverty, were felt to be associated with poor mental well-being [ 37].
Concomitantly, some behavioral or community factors including lack of maternal and child health services, of adequate and safe water supply, and of improved environmental sanitation play their role [ 22, 29].
For the sex ratio variable the relative change in odds is calculated from the mean sex ratio In Model 1, all of the community characteristics are included, and one can assess the importance of one community factor independently of the other observed community factors included in the model.
Individual and community based factors including religion as well as immunisation services offered on outreach basis have been associated with an increased likelihood of delayed vaccination [ 17, 18].
In these studies, it was reported that child wasting was associated with some household factors such as family income and rural residence while community level factors included only the poor household sanitary facilities.
Some studies also identified relevant community-level factors including social norm and community media saturation [ 16].
A focus for our future research, these factors include community attitudes and actions in response to suicide, as well as poverty, discrimination, segregation, healthcare, and type and trust of the medicolegal system.
These factors include community norms and practices (McCreary et al. 2008; Soskolne and Shtarkshall 2002), traditional gender roles and gender power inequalities (Gupta 2002; McCreary et al. 2008), stigma and discrimination (Nguyen et al. 2012) and low education status (Ordóñez and Marconi 2012).
