The primary outcome measure was the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) [ 41], an established outcome measure for community based back pain studies [ 46].
The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire is the leading primary outcome in community based back pain studies [ 47].
No information about community based treatment of musculoskeletal pain at the end of life was found.
A community based study showed that abdominal pain is more frequently reported in childhood than in adolescence [ 18].
A study that included a community based population of subjects with chronic shoulder pain, found that the relation between pain and psychological health was dependent of level of disability [ 9].
No other community based incidence rates were found for phantom limb pain.
In Vancouver's downtown eastside (DTES), where our study took place, chronic pain has been identified in community based projects featuring the work of marginalized women.
Thus, although the current results are encouraging, pain likely remains an area for continued improvement in community based individuals.
Because of the relatively small sample size and community based recruitment strategy, we focus on findings that were observed across all four therapies among back pain patients and therefore we do not comment on differences among therapies.
A community based on interests?
Design: Consecutive and community based.
