Although politics and law include moral concerns within their scope, such as issues of basic human rights, the scope of justification in such practices can be restricted to the specific community of associated citizens and thus may appeal to culturally specific values shared by the participants.
We assessed community composition of associated epiphytic lichens and bryophytes established after 15 years on clonal replicates, testing the relative importance of an environmental (site) effect, an intra-specific genetic effect and their interaction on epiphyte community composition.
Biofilms are universal, complex, interdependent communities of surface-associated microorganisms.
Genetic variation within one species can affect the structure and dynamics of associated communities and entire ecosystems.
Among soil properties, pH is known as a major factor shaping the community of root-associated fungi [ 63, 64].
However, little information exists on the composition of benthic communities or associated reef fish assemblages of Saba Bank.
There was little organised interest in "whale falls", as they are known, until the discovery of associated chemoautotroph communities in the late 1980s.
The high potential of P. canariensis and especially of Zoanthus sp. to transform the habitat and associated communities of invertebrates in intertidal environments of the Canary Islands was demonstrated.
Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) have substantial effects on the structure and fertility of soils with consequences for the diversity of plant communities and associated ecosystem functions.
Soil moisture and pH are considered to be key drivers of belowground communities and associated ecosystem processes [ 41- 44].
