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A variant of desert theory is the communicative theory of punishment, which takes both a forward-looking and a backward-looking view of the purposes of punishment.
Young argued that these alternative modes of communication, modes that women and people of color and other marginalized people tended to use, could provide the basis of a more democratic, communicative theory.
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According to other, less monistic communicative theories, communication of censure alone is insufficient to justify punishment; added to it must be the aim of deterrence (von Hirsch, 1998, 171).
According to some communicative theories, condemnation itself sufficiently justifies punishment.
Still other communicative theories add different considerations to the grounds for justification.
For desert and communicative theories concerned solely with justice-based desert, the key question is whether disobedients deserve censure, and if so, how much?
Outside of internet-mediated offending, Olson et al. (2007) proposed a luring communication theory (LCT) that explicated the communicative processes of entrapment used by child sexual predators to lure their victims into sexual relationships.
This paper analyses the responsibilities of planning theorists, with emphasis on issues pertaining to communicative planning theory (CPT).
In the next step that was partly done in parallel, psychological, pedagogic, work-based sociological and communication theories and models were used for the final implementation of the occupation-specific models of social and communicative competences of medical assistants.
Another rational model of planning (practical-procedural-non-normative, PPNN), born in communicative and organizational theories and inspired by behavioural paradigms of social interaction, needs to be considered.
When the construct of English language proficiency was conceived, the project team drew on the theory of communicative competence (Canale and Swain 1980; Hymes 1972) and Bachman and Palmer's model of communicative language ability (Bachman 1990; Bachman and Palmer 1996).
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