Depending on the self- vs. partner-oriented purpose of the communicative act, the learner's own vs. the partner's knowledge guided communication.
Along with the CEFR, the aim of the CECR is to cultivate learners' communicative language competence, with vocabulary knowledge considered key to language comprehension and communicative ability (Stæhr 2008).
The development of the learners' communicative competence has been largely examined, whereas their role as users of the services offered by language education providers in combination with the tourism industry has not been explored in depth.
Since China started its open-door policy in the late 1970s, the objective of English language education has been set as developing learners' communicative competence in English, i.e., the ability to use English as a tool of communication.
Hence, effective language teaching strives to mobilize various language components to build the learner's communicative competence.
Recognizing the potential of online student question-generation to engage language learners in communicative activities and use the target language in a personally meaningful way for language and learning motivation development, an experimental study examining the English learning effects of this approach, in comparison to an online drill-and-practice strategy, was conducted.
We describe our intervention and its development and dissemination as a model for improving patients' communicative abilities through a community-based, active learner approach.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) engages learners in authentic communication to develop their communicative competence.
H. G. Widdowson and C. Criper (1975) note: To know a language means to know something about how it fulfills communicative function … Until a learner knows how to use the resources of a grammar to send meaningful messages in real life situation, he can't be said to know the language (p. 129).
Communicative competence is what language learners need to know about a language to communicate effectively in various situations (Hymes, 1983; Savignon, 1976).
