Sentence examples for communicative language abilities from inspiring English sources
The study used the framework to conduct a systematic procedure to analyze test content the linguistic characteristics, test format characteristics, and the communicative language abilities that were tested in the test items, tasks, and prompts.
Bachman (1990) describes "communicative language ability" (p. 84) in terms of language competence, strategic competence and psychophysiological mechanisms.
Later on, Bachman and Palmer (1996) considered communicative language ability as the main contributor to language performance.
This definition takes a use-oriented approach based on Bachman's (1990) communicative language ability (CLA) model.
According to Bachman (1990) four main factors influence language test performance: test method facet; personal attributes; random factors; and communicative language ability.
The qualitative content analysis of the two tests was conducted by expert judges who used the communicative language ability instrument developed for the study.
One of these mentioned factors is communicative language ability providing a framework about the ways in which specific abilities demonstrate how different individuals perform on a given language test.
Models of communicative competence in a second language invoked in defining the construct of widely used tests of communicative language ability have drawn largely on the work of language specialists.
In writing about Communicative Language Ability (CLA), Bachman and later Bachman and Palmer describe attributes that test takers bring to an assessment situation such as their topical knowledge, language knowledge, and personal characteristics.
The focal construct to be assessed in a paired task is interactional competence (Young 2000, 2008), which, according to the model of communicative language ability, is an integral part of strategic competence (Bachman 2007; Bachman and Palmer 1996; Chapelle 1998).
Other related comparability studies include the following studies: Bachman, Davidson and Milanovic (1995) performed content analyses using the newly developed Communicative Language Ability (CLA) and Test Method Facet (TMF) frameworks.
