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What truth and falsity and propositional content accrue to first and foremost are speakings to particular communicative effect on the part of particular speakers.
As one physician explained: "If you have a patient with an increased cardiovascular risk, then there is a clear communicative effect of telling [the patient] that we have performed this test that clearly indicates that you need blood pressure-lowering and cholesterol-lowering [medicine].
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We have seen that evaluative resources can create different communicative effects depending on what is being evaluated.
One of these moderators was participants' age; studies with participants younger than 12 years revealed greater communicative effects of gestures than studies with participants older than 12 years.
Hostetter (2011) also found that communicative effects of gesture were smaller when there was more overlap in the information expressed in gesture and speech, and larger when the information expressed in gesture and speech was non-redundant.
Situated at the nexus of variationist, interactional, and cognitive sociolinguistics, the present article discusses the phenomenon of 'Speaker Design', or the strategic use of linguistic varieties in interaction to achieve certain communicative effects (e.g. identity projections).
Indeed, Hostetter's (2011) meta-analysis revealed that unpublished studies of communicative effects of gestures had a smaller mean effect size than did published studies, suggesting that some studies with null or negative effects may indeed be languishing in some researchers' file drawers.
Some gestures, for instance manual gestures, involve movements of the hands and arms in the vicinity of conspecifics, possibly exerting social or communicative effects.
Section 2 focused on communication activities and consisted of six subsections: (a) Communicative modes, (b) Communicative functions – expressive, (c) Communicative functions – social, (d) Communicative functions – receptive, (e) Communicative effectiveness, and (f) Personal factors.
The reason for that conclusion is a general fact about communication: a communicative act is the use of an assemblage of signs to some effect.
The effects of Communicative functions and Mind-Mindedness on children's language development have been typically investigated in separate studies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com