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But the PCLOB also found elements of the mass communications collection "push the program close to the line of constitutional reasonableness".
Later he said he misunderstood which particular communications collection program Wyden was asking about – despite Wyden's staff alerting Clapper's before the hearing as to the question – and apologized to the committee.
The Privacy & Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) has announced that it will issue its own reports on NSA bulk phone data and foreign communications collection in late January or early February.
Spencer writes: Just before the White House released the review's report, a different group advising Obama, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, which has held public hearings into the NSA for months, announced it will release two studies of its own, one into bulk collection of domestic phone data and the other into bulk foreign communications collection.
Not only did the PCLOB find that the public law authorising the mass communications collection, section 702, "publicly outlines the basic structure of the program", it blessed the NSA's controversial practice of collecting emails and calls that reference a surveillance target, even though such so-called "about" collection does not necessarily come from surveillance targets themselves.
Just before the White House released the review's report, a different group advising Obama, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, which has held public hearings into the NSA for months, announced it will release two studies of its own, one into bulk collection of domestic phone data and the other into bulk foreign communications collection.
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Systematically review government policies and laws on interception of digital communications and collection of personal data.
Their operation will be reorganised under the investigatory powers bill although the IOCCO is pressing for stronger oversight of bulk communications data collection.
America's military and spy satellites are critical to military communications, the collection of intelligence, the accurate guidance of missiles and other weapons, and the management of American forces in combat.
We need to deal not only with direct interception of communications but also collection of communications metadata.
In fashioning balanced practices for reporters, it is critical to ask how often and in what ways governments — ours and others — systematically target journalists' communications in intelligence collection.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com