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Considering the deficiency of traditional indicators in key node positioning, in [9], the authors proposed a key node identification method which uses the communication probability of a node and k-shell decomposition method to evaluate the importance of a node.
If the communication probability among each actor sets is equal, due to the central region of the network is the intersection area of AS 1 and AS 4, AS 2 and AS 3, so the energy consumption in the intersection area is higher than other areas.
In the figure, we assume that there are two nodes u and v, their distance is d uv, and their communication probability is P. Let Φ h (d) be the probability that a particular pair of nodes with d distance apart is h hops away from each other.
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Communication interruption probability.
Open image in new window Fig. 9 Communication interruption probability for the proposed DMR-TN scheme.
For a system to provide improved QoS and seamless user experience, the communication interruption probability needs to be smaller.
The applications of fractional integral and differential formulas in communication theory, probability theory and groundwater pumping modeling were showed by many authors.
The preliminary analysis shows that the DMR-TN scheme outperforms the single-antenna scheme and provides better performance with reduced handover failure and communication interruption probability.
The simulation results show that the proposed scheme with its minimal implementation overhead can efficiently perform seamless handover with reduced handover failure and communication interruption probability.
Let be 1 if native packet is combined in current encoded packet, otherwise, let it be 0. Let be 1 if active sensor can decode out one "wanted" native packet from the current encoded packet where, otherwise, let it be 0. Considering unreliable wireless communication, the probability that an active sensor can successfully obtain one "wanted" packet at the current time slot is.
Effective communication of probability is seen as central in genetics [ 42- 44].
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