In the used hierarchy, inter-cluster communication is guaranteed by border nodes, Gateways, which are responsible for forwarding packets.
Within mobile satellite communication systems, the problem arises how to mutually authenticate each other and whether confidentiality of communication is guaranteed.
It just amounts to knowledge of language and a safe channel — i.e., without too much 'noise.' If sender and receiver share the knowledge of the code and the message makes its way through the channel the success of communication is guaranteed.
Mainly, fast and reliable communication scheme is guaranteed for the control channel, and an acceptable communication rate is ensured through the service one, according to the priorities of the messages and the QoS policies established by the applicative layer.
Traditionally, communication security is guaranteed through high-layer encryption.
In addition, since no idle cycle exists in k-TAS, ETIP, and BS, the number of corresponding transmitted bits from idle cycle is zero in these three protocols, and the efficiency on communication overhead is guaranteed.
For this paper, we assume that there is a sufficient underlying secure communication infrastructure, i.e., the bidirectional and reliable exchange of information and the secure distribution of keys is given as well as authenticated communication among participants is guaranteed by, e.g., AES [29] and X.509 certificates [30].
Considering the case that cellular users and D2D links reuse the same resources in the uplink period, the non-outage probability of the cellular communication is defined to guarantee the main communication quality.
During glomerulogenesis an intricate network of signaling pathways involving transcription factors, secreted factors and cell cell communication is required to guarantee accurate evolvement of a functional, complex 3-dimensional glomerular architecture.
