In a distinct but still primarily descriptive sense, it means the disadvantageous (or, less commonly, the advantageous) treatment of some persons relative to others.
This result implies that regions of reduced variation may be consistent with models of rarely occurring but strongly advantageous, or commonly occurring but weakly advantageous, mutations.
It may also show that extra-pair mating may not always be as advantageous as commonly assumed.
Obesity was commonly thought to be advantageous for maintaining healthy bones due to the higher bone mineral density observed in overweight individuals.
Because advantageous mutations commonly involve a change in protein sequence (non-synonymous mutations), recurrent rounds of positive selection in a gene lead to rapid evolution of the encoded protein sequence over time.
It is shown that the 3D simulations are not advantageous over the commonly used stagnation-flow boundary-layer problem description.
Furthermore, this approach is advantageous over other commonly used methods, e.g. soil-sampling and laboratory analysis, as even small changes in (hydro- geological properties lead to strong variances in observed hydro- geologicalbilities at the investigated case study site.
An unexpected finding was that a subgroup of women were infected with the same virus based on sequencing of four widely distanced genetic loci, suggesting that a viral strain containing specific combinations of variable genes may be advantageous and occur more commonly than other viral strains with different genetic makeup.
This is advantageous compared with a commonly used design in Pol III-driven shRNA constructs, which places a reporter expression cassette on the same linear sequence with the shRNA expression cassette [ 12, 13].
This is clearly advantageous compared with other commonly used specimen geometries with more limited ranges of phase angles, such as ψ ≈ 0° for double-cantilever beam specimen [14]; ψ < 18° for compact tension specimens [12] and ψ ≈ 45° for four-point bend specimens [14].
While commonly used in vitro culture systems are advantageous for addressing specific experimental questions, they are often gross, fidelity-lacking simplifications that largely ignore the heterogeneity of cancers as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment.
