DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00961.002 The convergent evolution of complex traits is surprisingly common, with examples including camera-like eyes of cephalopods, vertebrates, and cnidaria (Kozmik et al., 2008), mimicry in invertebrates and vertebrates (Santos et al., 2003; Wilson et al., 2012) and the different photosynthetic machineries of plants (Sage et al., 2011a).
This chapter introduces the Gestalt principles that describe human visual perception: proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, symmetry, figure-ground, and common fate, with examples of how each principle impacts user-interface design.
The extensive, bipolar nature of this deep-sea chemosynthetic tubeworm also accentuates that being widespread in the deep-sea is a real and common pattern, with examples supported by molecular data emerging from a variety of additional taxa in recent years [ 8, 55– 58].
Prophylaxis is common with, for example, malaria drugs for travelers making brief sojourns in the tropics.
And if (as reports suggest) at least one of the Tsarnaev brothers was inspired by militant Islam, the Boston attack will have little in common with, for example, the shootings at Virginia Tech.
Statistics show that, in fact, it does: Internet use is increasingly common, with for example 85% of the Swiss population using the Internet (Bundesamt für Statistik http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/04/key/approche_globale.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/04/key/approche_globale
In the following sections, we discuss the most common methods, along with examples of how they have been used in molecular epidemiologic studies of PCP.
The negative examples are randomly collected among the MEDLINE papers that have MeSH terms in common with the positive examples.
It all heads to a sad and desperate conclusion, and, in common with the best examples of the genre, connives to unravel its own world.
For example, genetic data are inherited and are therefore may be held in common with others – for example blood relatives.
Still, the latter was minimized by handing out lists of the most common drugs in familiar groups with examples of the most common sales name of the different drugs.
