Standardization with common calibration was first proposed in 1984 (1).
Some authors advocate direct standardization, as it involves adjustment to a common standard (Julious et al. 2001).
The Geneva-based International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) was established in 1947 to set common standards across the world.
Although there is little standardization of teacher training, we assume for our training that learning contents and qualifications of educators met common standards.
It is thus very common for standardization bodies on all levels (regional, super-regional, international) often to provide an inconsistent, ambiguous set of concept, terms, and definitions.
The problem with this common-sense standardization is that it misses out on global shifts of gene expression, such as those initiated by potent regulators such as c-Myc.
The GHb results reported for the same blood sample could differ considerably among methods, however, unless they have been standardized to a common reference [e.g., without standardization, the same blood sample could be read as 7% (42 mmol/mol) in one laboratory and 9% (75 mmol/mol) in another] (53, 147, 204, 212– 212).
Current practices by IED manufactures are pushing the utility telecoms towards standardization on common communications architecture.
A self-administrated questionnaire for the diagnosis of the most common headache disorders ensures standardization [1], but validation of the diagnostic instrument is required in epidemiological surveys to assess the precision of questionnaire diagnoses [1 3].
Multi-hazard risk calculation platforms can support standardization through common software (Daniell et al. 2014), and are used in the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, and West Africa and has been used for the Global Risk Assessment (217 countries) that supports the UNISDR GAR13 (UNISDR 2013) and GAR15 (UNISDR 2015a).
