Values represent the least square means (LSMEANS) of eight birds/genotype and age with a common standard error (not shown).
Responses to the survey questions within the same country may be correlated due to some common characteristics, so robust standard errors are corrected for clustering at the country level.
Propensity score based on child age and gender, orphan and semi-orphan status, caregiver characteristics, marital status of parents, ethnicity, household composition, and districts; Balancing properties in 7 blocks was satisfied, Caliper fixed at 0.05; Only observations on common support were included; Bootstraped standard errors based on 100 replications in parentheses.
When we assume that the regression parameters were similar for all ED revisits or are interested in global covariate effects, we can adopt a model with a common covariate effect, i.e., for all k = 1,.., K. Table 2 shows the coefficient estimates and standard errors of the common covariate effects.
LIMMA computes moderated t-statistics and log-odds of differential expression by empirical Bayes shrinkage of the standard errors towards a common value.
We computed moderated t-statistics, log-odds ratios of differential expression (based on empirical Bayes shrinkage of the standard errors towards a common value), and adjusted p-values (obtained using the Bonferroni correction) using functions in the limma library of the Bioconductor software package.
The function eBayes was used to compute moderated t-statistics by empirical Bayes shrinkage of the standard errors towards a common value.
If an outcome variable, such as individual health status or medical financial burden, were correlated within a neighbourhood, the single-level analysis using common regression methods would underestimate the standard errors for contextual effects and give biased results[ 11].
In the third step an empirical Bayes approach was used to shrink the gene-wise standard errors towards a common value and a moderated t-statistic was calculated [ 66, 71].
Then, the eBays method was used to compute moderated t-statistics and log-odds of differential expression by empirical Bayes shrinkage of the standard errors towards a common value.
An empirical Bayes method (using the eBayes function in Limma) was used to shrink standard errors to a common value and to rank CpG sites in order of differential methylation.
