"common disease" is a correct and usable phrase in written English.
For example, you could use it in a sentence such as, "Diabetes is a common disease that affects millions of people worldwide."
Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cows1.
They investigated, independently, another common disease with no known cause.
Depression is a very common disease among the elderly.
Background: Atopic dermatitis/eczema (AD/E) is a common disease.
Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the major salivary glands.
Breast cancer is a very common disease in Nigeria.
But anthrax is a common disease of livestock and other animals in much of the world.
But younger Americans who died from the disease did not show common disease features.
Increased thirst and hunger are common symptoms of this very common disease.
DeCode quickly became the leader in the worldwide race to identify the causes of common disease.
Every common disease, including diabetes and athlete's foot, now has its own specialist.
