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L. 102 550 substituted "Federal law" for "Federal commodities law".
In 2001, a year after passage of the commodities law, the derivatives market insured about $900 billion worth of credit; by last year, the number hadswelled to $62 trillion.
Robert Khuzami, a former federal prosecutor who led a securities and commodities law task force in the Manhattan United States attorney's office for three years, was named last Friday to become the new head of the enforcement division, succeeding Linda Thomsen.
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But a similar admission in violating the commodities laws, however, could open the bank up to substantial additional liability.
Wherever the money went, MF Global violated basic commodities laws that require firms to keep their customers' money separate from the firm's.
In addition to the antitrust claims, some plaintiffs claimed the Libor manipulation violated the commodities laws and the racketeering statute, commonly known as RICO.
All securities-based swaps should be regulated as securities; all commodity-based swaps should be subject to commodities laws.
Mr. Greenspan and Treasury Secretary Lawrence H. Summers both endorsed an exclusion from commodities laws for professional investors, which they have previously recommended.
The complex securities contracts, which contributed to the collapse or near failure of many financial services companies and banks when the housing market imploded, are generally exempt from securities or commodities laws or regulation.
The new programs, administered by both the S.E.C. and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, require the payment of 10 to 30 percent of the penalty or amount recovered when a whistle-blower's tips provide the basis for a case involving violations of securities or commodities laws.
We also do not believe the feature subjects us to regulation under the federal securities laws, including as a broker-dealer or an investment adviser, or registration under the federal commodities laws.
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