As clay tablets from Mesopotamia attest, simple notations of commodities (animals, jars, baskets) soon gave way to textbook material (vocabulary lists, multiplication tables, astronomical observations), religious omen texts, and eventually literary works like the Epic of Gilgamesh.
We defined 3 commodities for aquatic animals (fish, crustaceans, and mollusks), 6 for land animals (dairy, eggs, beef, game, pork, and poultry), and 8 for plants (grains-beans; oils-sugars [refined plant foods]; fruits-nuts; fungi; and leafy, root, sprout, and vine-stalk vegetables) (7 ).
This mostly subjects pastoralists to seasonal and long-term shifts in terms of trade between the main local commodities of live animals, dairy products and food grains.
However, global trade in commodities such as animals, plants and soils, and food items is also a possible transmission source resulting in disease in individuals with no travel history [27].
However, when considering the implications of these results, the major question is whether or not humans are to be valued as commodities, like domesticated animals, or does human life maintain an inherent value even when the individual is no longer economically productive, as in retirement?
An estimated 26,000 (46%) annual hospitalizations were attributed to land animal commodities, 24,000 (41%) to plant commodities, and 3,000 (6%) to aquatic animal commodities (Table 2).
Brazil is a large producer of agricultural and animal commodities, which generates large amounts of byproducts, residues, and/or wastes.
A discussion of the limits to applying results of basic research to enhancing sperm fertility in commodity and companion animals and humans is provided.
Antimicrobial drug resistance data might be helpful for differentiating serotype Newport infections transmitted through animal commodities versus those transmitted by plant-derived food commodities.
Colombia is a major producer of agricultural and animal commodities (index mundi 2014), and these operations generate large amounts of residues and wastes.
Although we found serotype Typhimurium was associated with several animal commodities, the most common food commodity was chicken (26% of outbreaks), indicating that chicken is a major route of exposure.
