Up to date, two general approaches have been commercialized to produce chiral alcohols: (i) kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols from esters by enantiospecific lipases (de Souza et al. 2009; Ghanem and Aboul-Enein 2005) or (ii) enantiospecific reduction of prochiral ketones by oxidoreductases (Breuer et al. 2004; Hasegawa et al. 2010; Kroutil et al. 2004; Nakamura et al. 2003; Patel 2008).
While the technology has been rapidly developed and commercialized, the clinical applications to date have been confined to either relatively transparent tissues or relatively superficial layers of tissues.
To date, commercialized allogeneic stem cell therapies include Prochymal (Osiris, Columbia, MD) for graft-versus-host disease, approved in Canada and New Zealand, and Cartistem (Medipost, Seoul, Korea) for osteoarthritis, approved in South Korea.
After removing the culture medium and thorough washing, a tasteless, colorless, and odorless translucent and chewy gel is obtained which, to date, is mainly commercialized as a dietary auxiliary.
To date, about 170 BCA species are commercialized worldwide (Cock et al. 2010), and although their total market value is far lower than other agronomic resources (e.g., cereal, cattle, and poultry), some of their biological features (short development time, intraspecific variability, etc).
Many multigene breast cancer classifiers and outcome predictors have been introduced to date, but none has become universally accepted, although several have been standardized and commercialized [ 8, 9].
To date, various aliphatic polyesters that can be degraded by microorganisms in the natural environment have been commercialized as BP materials.
In order to measurably displace fossil fuels in the near term, companies looking to commercialize a biofuel technology must expect to operate at levels of scale, efficiency, and margin that are unprecedented in the biotechnology industry to date.
"You've commercialized murder to satisfy your personal greed for power," the judge intones.
The innovative technologies they develop and commercialize contribute to U.S. productivity growth and economic competitiveness.
