Each of these topics requires significant future exploration in order to realize commercialized applications of the immense potential of nano-carbon in next-generation electronics.
Compared with other conventional membrane distillation processes, the CEMD process enabled higher energy efficiency and lower operational cost, and thus greater potential commercializing application.
According to Novoselov, the facility was designed with three goals in mind: to expand existing research on graphene, to capitalize on that research by commercializing applications, and to take research on atomic-scale materials beyond just graphene.
However, since Pt is a kind of limited resource to induce increase in cost and hider commercialize application, replacement or reduction of Pt has emerged as an important issue for further development of DSSCs.
These bulk nonequilibrium alloys exhibit unique characteristics which cannot be obtained for conventional amorphous, crystalline and quasicrystalline alloys and have been commercialized in some application fields of electrodes and golf clubs, etc.
Asked to hazard a guess on how far out the research might be from being usefully commercialized in an application, she jokes: "If I worked for Google probably a lot sooner!", before adding that any commercialization is likely to be "a fair few years away yet".
They are extensively commercialized for fluorescent application in clinical and immunological analysis.
The problem is, they are difficult to manufacture, and commercializing these applications may require 10 or 15 years.
Robert Carlson, a principal at Biodesic, a bioengineering design firm in Seattle, Washington, doesn't necessarily see scale as a dealbreaker when it comes to commercializing biofuel applications.
And, low-volume, high-value chemical production from biomass offers an opportunity to commercialize biotechnology applications in ready-made markets for existing chemicals, if quality, price and performance are equal to reference petrochemicals.
