We contend that the relationship between scientific research and commercialization manifests in terms of both a perceived public value and a marketable exchange value, or what sociologist Catherine Waldby [ 8] refers to as biovalue.
This week's announcement is the next move in an ambitious, longer-term commercialization agenda for Watson.
This successful demonstration of multi-kW scale HTSE unit will help to advance the technology toward near-term commercialization.
La is part of an NSF Innovation Corps Team that has completed more than 160 customer interviews, helping him focus on customer uses as the research team finalizes their designs and thinks about the long-term commercialization of the technology.
The marketing industry is the creator, par excellence, of the rhetoric of "well-being" and the commercialization of the term "health", an umbrella concept that subsumes a broad range of other concepts: pleasure, beauty, convenience and mental health [ 35].
While this may not in fact be a huge loss if the near-term commercialization strategy is successful (but they rarely, if ever, are), there is little reason to suppose that simply reducing the time for research and development will yield more contributions for the financial or knowledge economies.
Besides, a focus on near-term commercialization goals may alter research behaviour and incentives and lead to negative impacts on the knowledge economy, such as increased publication and translation of research of diluted value [ 73, 74] and shifts away from new ideas that require basic research [ 75].
In terms of commercialization, founder Reza Zadeh is focusing on the security and media markets for now.
In spite of confident statements made in the literature and by Government, we provide evidence to the contrary, i.e. that Swedish academia performs well in terms of commercialization.
One of the major hurdles for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) commercialization is poor long-term performance and durability.
