Moreover, growing structural changes in the media landscape – including media concentration, commercialization, fiercer competition, an increasingly fragmented public, and the advent of new media – have also challenged how media should be accountable and responsive.
A report of the Australian Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council provides an explanation for the culture of non-sharing as due to the pressure for commercialization and competition even between academic groups [ 15].
History has shown repeatedly how the United States has lost an early competitive advantage in developing high‐value technologies to international competition when commercialization infrastructure was not adequately supported.
Type II errors in the form of excessive governmental requirements and unreasonable decisions can delay commercialization of a new product, lessen competition to produce it, and inflate its ultimate price.
It won first place in the Alternative Tandem category in the 2010 Automotive X Prize, a competition created to foster the commercialization of efficient vehicles capable of more than 100 miles per gallon.
There are several cases (for example, Digital Equipment ) where a company had this advantage and squandered it because it couldn't market it, didn't see the commercialization of it or couldn't fend off competition.
If the number of fuel cells sold worldwide equalled the number of students at all educational levels who participate in fuel cell competitions, workshops, courses and degrees, then widespread commercialization of this technology would indeed be well in hand.
Facing stiff competition from conventional and gasoline-hybrid vehicles, the commercialization prospects for hydrogen-fuel-cell vehicles (H2FCVs) are uncertain.
From a more critical perspective, however, Selwyn (2014) notes that ideals of the digital university favoured by policymakers and policy influencers emphasize neoliberal logics of economics, efficiency, competition, audit, accounting, performance measurement, quality management, marketization, commercialization and privatization.
A short lead time for product commercialization is a critical advantage in the era of highly challenging competitions.
