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The results showed that top-down command and control measures, useful as these are, may not produce an effective sustainable urban ZM, but a bottom-up approach to urban management is needed.
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Their methods, though, are intriguingly different.In this section The brown revolution A great leap forward ReprintsLet the market decideBoth London and Los Angeles adopted classic command-and-control measures to deal with their problems.
The European style of policymaking fundamentally diverges from the US model which shows a preference for command-and-control measures with 'technology-forcing' features.
One of the main findings of the project was a 'preference hierarchy' in respect of policy methods, according to which the strongest support was expressed for voluntary and education-based tools, followed by market-based instruments, with command-and-control regulation identified as a measure of 'last resort'.
Many of the proposed reforms are aimed at significantly increasing the cost-effectiveness of compliance measures by reducing command-and-control approaches, increasing the flexibility for meeting standards, and relying on market-based incentives.
It was a command-and-control center.
"This command-and-control business is complicated.
A series of command-and-control regulations.
There is absolutely no command-and-control".
Sustainability syndicates obviate the need for command-and-control interventions.
These were the days of command-and-control regulation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com