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The company squeezes extra energy savings from an innovation it calls the air-hybrid, in which it stores energy as compressed air during braking and feeds it into the combustion cylinder when the car is accelerating.
Instead of electric generators storing energy in batteries, as happens in today's hybrids, the engine can disable the combustion cylinder when a vehicle is coasting, and re-route the air from the compression cylinder into a storage tank.
The high pressure air is then heated in a recuperator using the waste heat of exhaust gas before induction to the combustion cylinder.
Nonetheless, a higher intake boosting is needed for the ultra-expansion cycle engine to circumvent the significant drop in the wide-open-throttle (WOT) performance, and compression ratio of the combustion cylinder must be reduced to avoid knocking combustion.
In the simulation, the downsizing is implemented by reducing the combustion cylinder number from four to two, while a two stage boosting system is designed for the deeply downsized engine to ensure the wide-open-throttle (WOT) performance comparable to the original four cylinder engine.
Shortly after their formation in the combustion cylinder, semivolatiles partition onto the surfaces of both the solid soot particles and the liquid aerosols created through condensation.
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The Miller cycle is realized by varying the intake valve timing and lift, while the five stroke cycle is enabled with addition of an extra expansion cylinder between the two combustion cylinders.
The main differences between the established K90MC/MC-C engines and the new design are bedplate, main bearing, engine alignment, combustion chamber, cylinder liner, fuel valve, and electronic high-pressure cylinder lubricator.
The results of a thermo-mechanical analysis of a natural gas, internal combustion engine cylinder head are presented in this paper.
To extract the fuel efficiency information from combustion, in-cylinder pressure sensor is available to calculate combustion phase and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP).
The diesel engine is an intermittent-combustion piston-cylinder device.
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