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This recommendation is determined by a decision analysis combining outcomes probabilities and the patient assigned values (the expected utility theory).
We used the term "meta-analysis" to denote reviews in which data were synthesized using a standard statistical technique for combining outcomes.
Combining outcomes of the five studies demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of patients needing re-treatment between the two therapy regimens (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32~0.79; p = 0.003).
Combining outcomes and the use of standardized effect measures such as effect size and standardized response mean across instruments allows more comprehensive meta-analyses and should avoid selection bias.
The objectives of this paper are: i) to describe PROs and why they are important for health care decision-making, ii) illustrate the key risk of bias issues that systematic reviewers should consider and, iii) address outcome characteristics of PROs and provide guidance for combining outcomes.
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In a number of studies combining outcome in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary cases, the proportions with favorable treatment outcomes have ranged between 68 - 82% [ 7, 10, 20], and are not comparable to our current figures.
The combined outcomes have established the topographical and even recent developmental situations in basin.
Three studies reported combined outcomes for gout and hyperuricaemia [ 26, 30, 47].
The result did not change when using combined outcomes: rash or severe hepatotoxicity (data not shown).
Within the Rotterdam Study two different combined outcomes have been used as described previously [ 40].
f Data were presented as combined outcomes of patients with CMV or herpes simplex virus infection in the original article.
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