Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(3)
Nothing matters more for long-term living standards than improvements in the efficiency with which an economy combines capital and labour.
It is instructive to begin with the simplest model of a competitive labor market: a single aggregate good, Q, is produced using a production function that combines capital (K) and a homogeneous labor input (L).
The process for its funding, grants and loans is absurdly complicated, but in essence it combines capital from its donor countries, plus self-generated income through the sale of bonds.
Similar(57)
Members of the biggest, Zhongrui, have a combined capital of several billion dollars.
Three other nationalized banks face a combined capital shortfall of 21.5 billion euros.
Finance allows the creation of vast enterprises out of the combined capital, supplied at modest cost, of millions of people.
In theory, this could push up their combined capital requirement to $177 billion from the $127 billion they hold today.
In national income accounts, of course, we don't get to see pure capital rentals; we see profits, which combine capital rents and monopoly rents.
Such services are made possible through a unique collaboration of sixteen major banks and financial institutions and their combined capital commitments of $192.5 million.
Their losses on mortgage securities are unlikely to exceed 10% of their combined capital of $57 billion, reckons Mr Setia, which would be painful but manageable.
Their combined capital amounts to less than 3% of the list's total, even though private enterprises now contribute some 60% of China's GDP.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com