And many report air quality according to an "air pollution index," with scores derived from a formula that combines harmful and innocuous pollutants in such a complex manner that even specialists have trouble interpreting its significance.
This situation – combined with harmful social practices like early and forced marriages, child labor, child abuse, neglect and exploitation – has made a disastrous impact on the lives of millions of women and children in Pakistan.
Increasing temperatures combined with the harmful pollutants emitted by power plants contribute to unhealthy air quality, triggering asthma attacks and other respiratory harms.
In addition, any of the following conditions ensures that the mixed duopoly will be socially preferred to a private duopoly: (iii) socially harmful advertising, combined with a positive quality differential (region A) or (iv) socially beneficial advertising, combined with a low quality differential (region C).
It's not just prescription meds of which you should be wary: Over-the-counter medications and even herbal remedies or supplements can be harmful when combined with alcohol.
In another study, work in harmful conditions combined with smoking and drinking was associated with the risk of fetal and neonatal death [ 22].
One statement made in the Sheffield study [ 2] has been used by those who oppose minimum pricing: '—at the highest level of aggregation hazardous and harmful drinkers (combined elasticity of −0.21) are less price elastic than moderate drinkers (elasticity of −0.47)' (p. 58).
The GYTS data show that the adolescents surveyed are well aware of the unhealthy effects of smoking: 85% of both males and females stated that smoking was definitely harmful and, when combined with those who stated it was probably harmful, the proportion rose to 97%.
Alexey Kondrashov's deterministic mutation hypothesis (DMH) assumes that each organism has more than one harmful mutation and the combined effects of these mutations are more harmful than the sum of the harm done by each individual mutation.
Overall, about 62% of responders stated that secondhand smoking was definitely harmful and, when combined with the 30.7% who stated that it was probably harmful, the proportion rose to 92%.
