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Some instruments use single items for the EBP activities, while others combine the items into a summative scale.
The more variance that is accounted for by a factor, the more justifiable it is to combine the items into a single composite score.
Even though many instructors would have a consistent set of responses across some items, such as the homework and grading choices, it is important to not combine the items, because not all instructors are consistent.
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As the DIF analysis results supported the stability of item calibrations, it seemed safe to combine the item response data from the three groups (Group T0 + T1 + T2) to obtain the final calibration.
Combined, the items are expected to sell for at least $65,000.
We combined the items into a draft ethical framework, using the ethical language of the panelists.
They combined the items of existing mindfulness questionnaires and conducted an exploratory factor analysis on all items.
These correlations appeared high enough to justify combining the items into one scale, measuring the favorableness of each child's classroom behavior.
The 'intensity of bother' and 'frequency of bother' items were summed, not multiplied because known-group validity testing indicated superior discriminative ability for combining the items by summation rather than multiplication.
First, we consolidated the results of the 25 items into 12 "diet categories" by combining the items that would be naturally addressed together (e.g., items reflecting meat quality and meat portion size) and averaging the points of the corresponding items for each diet category.
Ultimately, the Times headline writers decided to combine the news items in one headline.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com