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Each microenvironment contains different levels of strata and, consequently, different concentrations corresponding to each combination of strata.
The concentration value for each combination of strata was the arithmetic mean of the concentration measured in all the samples in each specific combination of strata [see Supplemental Material, Tables 4 and 5 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0900561.S1)].
A separate list of permuted blocks is created for each combination of strata.
Student populations and injured cases were observed in all combination of strata of our three community measures and none of so-called extreme cells (defined above in methods) were empty or with sparse numbers of observation.
Total number of students and number of occurrence of injuries in each combination of strata of community SES, built environment and social capital were estimated.
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A maximum of 5398 plots nationwide are needed to sample all combinations of strata representing more than 1000 ha.
For the general population, aggregate population data for these covariates were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics in the form of a contingency table containing population numbers cross-classified by all possible combinations of strata of the covariates listed above.
For a given mixing group and type of day, and for each combination of 2 strata (i, j) we needed to determine: (i) the number of persons from stratum jcontacted in 1 day by a person from stratum i, cϋ, and (ii) the average total duration per day (in minutes) of all the contacts with 1 person, dϋ.
In the case of existence of structural confounding, low numbers in some combination of social strata is not a function of sample size, it is due to the 'structure' of the society.
Based on field measurements, the surface movement and deformation characteristics were obtained, including angle parameters, subsidence prediction parameters, etc. Besides, the angle and subsidence prediction parameters in similar mining areas are summarized; the mechanism of surface movement and deformation was analyzed with the combination of key stratum theory, mining and geological conditions.
The presence of structural confounding can therefore be explored by stratifying communities according to the levels of social factors of interest and then examining the number of participants in combinations of the strata.
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